The 112 has been introduced as the unique European emergency number in 1991 to facilitate rescue operations across Europe. Designed as an essential tool in a European Union where cross-border travel is frequent and seamless, this system ensures citizens’ safety while also promoting freedom of movement within the EU.
The idea of a single 112 number across Europe aims to improve emergency response by providing a simple and easy-to-remember number, even in stressful situations. Some countries now adopt it as the only emergency number, while others have integrated it alongside existing national emergency numbers (as in France and Italy).
A free call from any landline or mobile phone allows citizens to reach emergency services (ambulance, fire brigade, or police). The request will be managed directly by a trained operator or transferred to the appropriate service. Depending on the country, calls may be handled in the national language, English, and French.
The national adjustment of emergency contact systems has progressively included all EU countries and expanded further. The 112 can also be dialled in Georgia, Albania, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, Iceland, Norway, the United Kingdom, Morocco, and South Africa.
Thanks to the European Electronic Communications Code and roaming regulations, citizens can call 112 (available on GSM mobile networks) from anywhere and receive an SMS notification with emergency information when entering another EU country.
February 11th has been designated as the International 112 Day to raise awareness among citizens. for this occasion, the Europe Direct Centre Nice Côte d’Azur organized a training activity open to citizens. Workshops and information sessions on 112 and first aid were organized with the collaboration of the firefighters, the Association de Sécurité de la Côte d’Azur (ASCA), and the Director of Public Affairs at the European Emergency Number Association (EENA).
Sources:
Your Europe: https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/security-and-emergencies/emergency/faq/index_en.htm
European Commission: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/112
Council Decision 91/316/CEE: Decision – 91/396 – EN – EUR-Lex